Special theory of relativity is one of the most popular ideas in physics, from this einstein figure out e = mc2 length contraction, time dilation and much more. So what is special relativity is all about.
The role of special relativity is to study how a motion looks from different perspective so is it hard, well most important reason special theory of reativity confuses so many people is that it sometimes introduces lot's of complicated equation sometimes you need to divide by something, sometimes you need to multiply.
Einstein based his special theory of reativity on two postulates :
1. All laws of physics is same for all inertial reference frame. that's mean laws of physics in jupiter and here is same, no matter where are you from.
2. Speed of light is same in vacuum which is equal to 3x10^8 m/s.
Imagine a car that is moving on the road and you are standing beside it, from your perspective you can see the car is traveling at a speed of 100 km/h now imagine a second car which is go by at 90 km/h in the same direction from your perspective you will see both car is moving but from the second car we will see the first car is moving a speed of10 km per hour. So the car has different speed depending on their inertial reference frame this is known as gallerian transformation given by Galileo but Einstein says "no the related speed is not 10 kilometer per hour". Suppose you are still relative to the earth the speed of light as being 3x10^8 m/s. If you are in a plane you will reach the same conclusion, even if you are in the spaceship which is moving with 99% the speed of light, the speed of light will be same which is equal to 3x108 m/s, no matter where are you. The speed of light is same for all reference frame and this is possible if time became relative.
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